欧盟委员会2026/1035号建议：建立全欧盟范围年龄验证技术的通用框架
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2026/1035 of 29 April 2026 on establishing a common framework for EU wide Age Verification technologies
欧盟委员会发布2026/1035号建议，旨在建立全欧盟范围年龄验证技术的通用框架。核心问题在于确保公民，特别是未成年人在数字环境中的安全，避免接触到不适宜内容或面临其他风险。该建议强调了隐私保护的年龄验证方式的重要性，以应对在线平台、游戏等信息社会服务中未成年人面临的风险。其法律基础是《欧盟运作条约》第292条，旨在促进欧盟成员国在年龄验证技术方面的协调和互操作性，为平台运营商提供指导，以更好地保护未成年人。
1. 法律意义与背景： 欧盟委员会2026/1035号建议旨在为全欧盟范围的年龄验证技术建立一个通用框架，这在数字时代具有重要的法律和社会意义。随着未成年人日益频繁地使用在线平台和信息社会服务，如何有效且隐私友好地验证用户年龄以保护其免受有害内容和风险侵害，已成为欧盟关注的焦点。此建议是欧盟在《数字服务法案》（DSA）等现有法规基础上，进一步细化和强化未成年人在线保护的具体举措，旨在解决当前年龄验证技术碎片化、互操作性差、隐私风险高等问题，为成员国和行业提供统一指导。其背景是欧盟致力于构建更安全、更负责任的数字环境，尤其关注弱势群体如未成年人的数字权利和福祉。
2. 核心法律问题与推理： 核心法律问题在于如何在有效验证用户年龄的同时，最大程度地保护个人数据隐私。建议推理指出，安全的、隐私保护的年龄验证方式对于公民的日常生活至关重要，尤其是在访问受年龄限制的内容（如色情、赌博）或产品（如酒精、香烟）时。对于未成年人，在线服务虽然提供了发展机会，但也带来了接触非法或有害内容、网络欺凌、过度使用等风险。鉴于未成年人大脑仍在发育，对这些风险更为脆弱，因此需要可靠的年龄验证机制。建议旨在通过建立通用框架，促进技术解决方案的标准化和互操作性，确保在保护未成年人的同时，避免对个人数据造成不必要的收集和处理，并尊重《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）的原则。
3. 引用的关键法律条款： 该建议主要依据《欧盟运作条约》（Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union）第292条。该条款赋予欧盟委员会发布建议和意见的权力，这些建议和意见不具有法律约束力，但旨在指导成员国和欧盟机构采取行动，促进欧盟政策的协调和统一。虽然建议本身不具有强制性，但它为未来可能出台的具有约束力的立法奠定了基础，并为成员国和行业提供了明确的政策方向和最佳实践。
4. 对平台运营商和合规从业者的影响： 对于平台运营商而言，此建议预示着欧盟将对年龄验证提出更高、更统一的要求。他们需要开始评估和投资符合通用框架的年龄验证技术，确保其解决方案不仅有效，而且符合隐私保护原则（如数据最小化、默认隐私）。合规从业者应密切关注该建议的后续发展，以及可能基于此建议出台的具有约束力的法规。他们需要更新内部政策和技术实施方案，以适应欧盟范围内统一的年龄验证标准，降低因年龄验证不足而面临的法律风险和声誉损害。此外，建议强调的互操作性意味着平台可能需要与第三方年龄验证服务提供商合作，或采用行业标准。
5. 与类似案例或监管趋势的比较： 此建议与《数字服务法案》（DSA）中关于未成年人保护的规定一脉相承，DSA要求在线平台采取措施保护未成年人，包括避免有害内容。该建议可以被视为DSA在年龄验证领域的具体实施指南。在全球范围内，许多司法管辖区也在探索年龄验证解决方案，例如英国的《在线安全法案》也强调了对未成年人的保护。欧盟的此举表明其在数字治理领域，尤其是在未成年人保护方面，正致力于提供更具前瞻性和统一性的解决方案，并可能影响全球其他地区的监管趋势，推动年龄验证技术向更标准化、更隐私友好的方向发展。
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Commission Recommendation (EU) 2026/1035 of 29 April 2026 on establishing a common framework for EU wide Age Verification technologies
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2026/1035 of 29 April 2026 on establishing a common framework for EU wide Age Verification technologies
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2026/1035 of 29 April 2026 on establishing a common framework for EU wide Age Verification technologies
C/2026/4225
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| --- | --- | --- | |  | Official Journal <br>of the European Union | EN<br>L series |
* * *
| --- | --- | --- | | | 2026/1035 | 8.5.2026 |
COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION (EU) 2026/1035
of 29 April 2026
on establishing a common framework for EU wide Age Verification technologies
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 292 thereof,
Whereas:
| --- | --- | | (1) | Secure, privacy-preserving ways of proving anyone’s age will be increasingly important for all aspects of EU citizens’ daily lives. For example, in-store purchases of age-restricted products, such as alcohol or cigarettes, or accessing age restricted content online, such as pornographic or gambling content, all require some form of age verification. This includes proving minors’ age in online environments, especially as minors are increasingly using information society services in their daily lives, such as online platforms or online games. On the one hand, this provides opportunities for minors in the areas of identity development, learning, education, civic participation, relationship development, communication, connection and creativity. On the other hand, use of information society services can give rise to risks or harms to minors, for example, by exposing them to illegal or harmful content, such as violent, terrorism or pornographic content, or contact risks, such as cyberbullying or individuals seeking to groom minors or recruit them for organised crime. These risks also include excessive, compulsive or addiction-like use of the information society service and exposure to other exploitative practices, such as gambling. Since minors’ brains are still under development, they are more vulnerable to risks and harms which can originate from their direct experience on the information society service. These risks make it increasingly important to prove citizen’s age to ensure that they have a safe online experience, in due respect of the rights of the child as laid down in article 24 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, while also safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market by promoting consistent standards and preventing fragmentation across EU Member States. Providing minors with age-appropriate and safe online experiences is paramount to protect them in an increasingly online environment. |
| --- | --- | | (2) | The Commission has taken major steps to ensure that the EU regulatory framework is fit for purpose in the current digital landscape and to protect minors online. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council [(1)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32026H1035#ntr1-L_202601035EN.000101-E0001), which applies in full since February 2024, introduced fully harmonised rules to ensure that minors are protected online. Article 28(1) of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 obliges providers of online platforms accessible to mino